Archivi tag: roma

Bags Free present: a curious wonder of Rome, the “Mouth of Truth”

What is the “Mouth of Truth”?

The “Mouth of Truth” is an ancient mask dated back to the first century, placed inside the church of Santa Maria in Cosmedin since 1632.  The mask is a male face, perhaps it is the god Jupiter.

Mouth of Truth

Mouth of Truth

The tradition

The stone, mentioned already in the eleventh century in the “Mirabilia Urbis Romae” (one of the first guides for pilgrims) has been called with this name since the fiteenth century.

The tradition of the time passed on the belief that the mouth could harm the hands of those who do not say the truth.

Mouth of Truth

Mouth of Truth

How to get from Bags Free

Metro B or B1 from Termini Station to the “Circo Massimo” Station.
Walk for about 10 minutes.

Mouth of Truth

Mouth of Truth

Bags-Free recommends: Caravaggio in Rome

(Original article: http://www.turismoroma.it/itinerari-a-tema/caravaggio?lang=en)

Our itinerary shall take us through the streets of the old city centre of Rome on a journey of discovery dedicated to the masterpieces of a great artist – Michelangelo Merisi, also known as Caravaggio.

The itinerary starts at the Galleria Borghese which boasts the world’s largest collection of Caravaggio’s works. Here, visitors can admire as many as six canvases by this artist (a man renowned for his stormy life). The canvases are the Boy with a Basket of Fruit (1593-1594), the Young Sick Bacchus (1593-1594 ) – works from Caravaggio’s youth, belonging to the sequestered collection of the Cavalier d’Arpino –, the Madonna and Child with St Anne (dei Palafrenieri) (1605-1606) – commissioned by the Arch-confraternity of the Papal Grooms for their altar at St Peter’s (the commissioners rejected the work, which was then acquired by the nephew of Paul V Borghese) –, David with the Head of Goliath (1605-1606) – painted during the artist’s second stay in Naples, probably in order to curry favour with Cardinal Scipione Borghese in the hopes of a return to Rome –, Saint Jerome Writing (1605–1606) – painted specifically for Cardinal Scipione Borghese in gratitude (since the cardinal had aided him following troubles with the law) –, and, lastly, the Portrait of Pope Paul Paolo V (1605-1606).

Caravaggio - Giuditta taglia la testa ad Oloferne - Palazzo Barberini, Roma

Caravaggio – Giuditta taglia la testa ad Oloferne – Palazzo Barberini, Roma

Our itinerary then takes us to the Casino Ludovisi and the chamber hosting the alchemical laboratory. In the small vault, Caravaggio painted in oils on the walls the deities, Jupiter, Neptune and Pluto, the children of Chronos, lord of the Universe.

Let us now move on to the Galleria Nazionale d’Arte Antica, Palazzo Barberini. Here, we find the Judith Beheading Holofernes, which may be identified with the Judith portrayed by Caravaggio for the banker, Ottaviano Costa, and the Narcissus, which was attributed to Caravaggio despite some opposition (after restoration, the work has been definitively attributed to Caravaggio).

The next stop on our journey is the Galleria Doria Pamphilj. Here, we find the work, The Rest on the Flight into Egypt, which may be seen as a painting which most clearly reflects the period of Caravaggio’s training and formation as an artist. The gallery also hosts a Mary Magdalene.

Caravaggio - San Gerolamo - Galleria Borghese

Caravaggio – San Gerolamo – Galleria Borghese

In the Pinacoteca Capitolina we find The Fortune Teller, painted for Cardinal Del Monte (which may be dated back to 1594) and Saint John the Baptist, a painting the existence of which had been practically overlooked until, to the great surprise of all, it was discovered in the office of the Mayor in 1953. This is probably the painting ordered in 1602 by the nobleman, Ciriaco Mattei, who commissioned it from Caravaggio in view of the name of his eldest son, Giovanni Battista (who inherited the canvas).

A work by Caravaggio painted between 1602 and 1604 – The Entombment of Christ – is also to be found at the majestic Musei Vaticani.

Caravaggio, Via Giustiniani, Roma - photo Antunes

Caravaggio, Via Giustiniani, Roma – photo Antunes

Our itinerary also includes churches. Our first visit is to the Church of San Luigi dei Francesi. Between 1599 and 1600, Caravaggio painted the works of the Contarelli chapel, The Calling of Saint Matthew and The Martyrdom of Saint Matthew. Here, we note Caravaggio’s original approach to an artistic trend of the period of the Counter-Reformation, namely the practice of commemorating Martyr Saints, popular at that time.
In the Church of San Luigi dei Francesi we also find the second version of the altarpiece, The Inspiration of Saint Matthew. The first version had been rejected as unsatisfactory.

Our itinerary then leads us from San Luigi dei Francesi to the Church of Sant’Agostino. Here, on the altar of the first chapel to the left (the chapel of the House of Cavalletti), we find the Madonna of Loreto.

Our journey around the churches of Rome which boast works by Caravaggio takes us at last to yet another ‘unmissable’ location – the Church of Santa Maria del Popolo. To the left of the main altar is the chapel known as the cappella Cerasi. Next to the central altarpiece (by Annibale Carracci), we find two celebrated works by Caravaggio, The Conversion on the Way to Damascus and The Crucifixion of Saint Peter.

Bags Free consiglia: un Michelangelo poco conosciuto

Dici o cerchi su Google “Michelangelo a Roma” e ti vengono in mente o sullo schermo le sue opere più famose. La Cappella Sistina, la Pietà Vaticana, il Cristo alla Minerva, il Mosè e San Pietro in Vincoli… pochi pensano ad una bella basilica a due passi dalla Stazione Termini e dal deposito di Bags Free a Castro Pretorio: la Basilica di Santa Maria degli Angeli.

Michelangelo Santa Maria degli Angeli

Certo, la Basilica come la si vede oggi non è esattamente come Michelangelo la progettò, nel Settecento il Vanvitelli e l’Orlandi modificarono parecchie cose, ma vale lo stesso davvero la visita, meglio ancora se guidati da chi la conosce bene e ve la sa ben presentare. A mezzogiorno di oggi per esempio c’è una visita guidata organizzata dall’associazione Esperide.

Michelangelo Santa Maria degli Angeli

Michelangelo Santa Maria degli Angeli

Se avete tempo fateci un pensierino.

E, ovviamente, se avete borse, zaini o bagagli, pensate a noi!

BAGS FREE STORAGE

Via del Castro Pretorio 32, +39064455792.

4€ il costo della custodia di un bagaglio per l’intera giornata.

 

#BagsFree Presents … Roma Pass! And our promotion for his owners!

Official Site

For Roma Pass Owners Promotion: 10% Discount on Our Luggage Service

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Roma Pass, which is sponsored by Rome City Council and the Ministry for the Arts and Cultural Activities and Tourism, in collaboration with ATAC, the public transport company, is the capital’s special tourist-cultural card that enables both tourists and interested local residents, the opportunity to benefit from various discounts and services that make it easier and cheaper to enjoy the splendours of Rome.

  • Free entry to the first 2 visited museums and / or archaeological sites of your choice. Free admission includes the exhibition held in the museum.
  • Concessionary ticket to all other museums and / or archaeological sites visited thereafter. The concessionary ticket includes the exhibition held in the museum.
  • Free use of the city’s public transport network. Valid until midnight of the third day inclusive that of the first validation for ATAC public transport (bus, metro A, B, B1 and C and railway lines Roma -Lido, Roma Flaminio Piazza del Popolo-Viterbo, Roma-Giardinetti), within the territory of the Municipality of Rome. Must be completed in its entirety and is not transferable. The card must be presented at the request of control staff, together with a valid ID. All special connections tpl Atac, the railway lines Trenitalia FR, the connection Tiburtina/Termini/Fiumicino Airport, the connection Trenitalia “No stop” Roma Termini-Fiumicino Airport (Leonardo Express) and all connections to and from Fiumicino and Ciampino Airports are not included.
  • Discounted tickets to exhibitions, events and other collaborating operators and businesses (Roma Pass Guide).
  • Tourist cultural services Roma è.

NOTE: The following museums are admission free: Accademia Nazionale di San Luca, Museo Carlo Bilotti a Villa Borghese, Museo della Repubblica Romana e della memoria garibaldina, Museo delle Mura, Museo di Casal de’ Pazzi, Museo di Scultura Antica Giovanni Barracco, Museo Napoleonico, Museo Pietro Canonica a Villa Borghese, Villa di Massenzio.

At the Colosseum a reserved turnstile is available for Roma Pass holders to get direct access to the monument.

In the kit:

  • The Roma Pass card: the card used to visit museums / archaeological sites and on the public transport system as described above;
  • Roma MAP: A map featuring all the Tourist Information Points, Metro stations, museums and other sites of interest (complete with addresses, tel. no’s opening times and nearest bus stops and metro stations);
  • Roma Pass Guide: the list of under agreement museums/sites, and the list of all the partners of the Roma Pass which offer discounts to card holders;
  • Roma è: the card with the App to download the best of the city.

How to use it:

  • The overleaf form must be filled with name, surname and validation date;
  • the card is valid for three days and is activated at the time of the first entry to the museums/sites, and/or at the first journey on public transport, up until midnight of the third day, including the day of the activation;
  • It is validated on the first visited site/museum and/or the first journey on the city’s public transport network;
  • Direct access for the first 2 sites. From the 3rd site onwards please apply to the ticket office for concession;
  • It must be produced along with your identity papers when required by the staff in charge.

When purchasing the card, please ensure that you ask about further discounts/free services that may be available for people of a certain age and/or nationality and/or place of residence and/or profession.

At the national museums and archaeological sites (Colosseum included) are allowed free admission to all on the first Sunday of each month, in the absence of an exhibition of a separate and distinct business including the spaces in which they are held exhibitions.

Please note that most museums generally are closed on Mondays (with the exception of Colosseo, Mercati di Traiano, Musei Capitolini, Museo dell’Ara Pacis e Terme di Caracalla). Almost all the museums normally are closed on December 25, January 1 and May 1 too. We advise you to check in advance.

ROMA PASS 48 HOURS

Price per unit: € 28,00

Roma Pass 48 hours, which is sponsored by Rome City Council and the Ministry for the Arts and Cultural Activities and Tourism, in collaboration with ATAC, the public transport company, is the capital’s special tourist-cultural card that enables both tourists and interested local residents, the opportunity to benefit from various discounts and services that make it easier and cheaper to enjoy the splendours of Rome during 48 hours.

  • Free entry to the first visited museum and / or archaeological site of your choice. Free admission includes the exhibition held in the museum.
  • Concessionary ticket to all other museums and / or archaeological sites visited thereafter during 48 hours. The concessionary ticket includes the exhibition held in the museum.
  • Free use of the city’s public transport network. Valid 48 hours from the first validation for access to museums, archaeological sites and local public transport. Is valid on all means of local public transport operated by ATAC (bus, metro A, B, B1 and C and railway lines Roma -Lido, Roma Flaminio Piazza del Popolo-Viterbo, Roma-Giardinetti), within the territory of the Municipality of Rome. Must be completed in its entirety and is not transferable. The card must be presented at the request of control staff, together with a valid ID. All special connections tpl Atac, the railway lines Trenitalia FR, the connection Tiburtina/Termini/Fiumicino Airport, the connection Trenitalia “No stop” Roma Termini-Fiumicino Airport (Leonardo Express) and all connections to and from Fiumicino and Ciampino Airports are not included.
  • Discounted tickets to exhibitions, events and other collaborating operators and businesses.
  • Tourist cultural services Roma è.

NOTE: The following museums are admission free: Accademia Nazionale di San Luca, Museo Carlo Bilotti a Villa Borghese, Museo della Repubblica Romana e della memoria garibaldina, Museo delle Mura, Museo di Casal de’ Pazzi, Museo di Scultura Antica Giovanni Barracco, Museo Napoleonico, Museo Pietro Canonica a Villa Borghese, Villa di Massenzio.

At the Colosseum a reserved turnstile is available for Roma Pass 48 hours holders to get direct access to the monument.

In the kit:

  • The Roma Pass 48 hours card: the card used to visit museums / archaeological sites and on the public transport system as described above;
  • Roma MAP: A map featuring all the Tourist Information Points, Metro stations, museums and other sites of interest (complete with addresses, tel. no’s opening times and nearest bus stops and metro stations);
  • Roma è: the card with the App to download the best of the city.

How to use it:

  • The overleaf form must be filled with name, surname and validation date;
  • the card is valid for 48 hours and is activated at the time of the first entry to the museum/site, and/or at the first journey on public transport;
  • It is validated on the first visited site/museum and/or the first journey on the city’s public transport network;
  • Direct access for the first site. From the 2nd site onwards please apply to the ticket office for concession;
  • It must be produced along with your identity papers when required by the staff in charge.

When purchasing the card, please ensure that you ask about further discounts/free services that may be available for people of a certain age and/or nationality and/or place of residence and/or profession.

At the national museums and archaeological sites (Colosseum included) are allowed free admission to all on the first Sunday of each month, in the absence of an exhibition of a separate and distinct business including the spaces in which they are held exhibitions.

Please note that most museums generally are closed on Mondays (with the exception of Colosseo, Mercati di Traiano, Musei Capitolini, Museo dell’Ara Pacis e Terme di Caracalla). Almost all the museums normally are closed on December 25, January 1 and May 1 too. We advise you to check in advance.

Bags Free Tour vi presenta: Roma Eur!

Un percorso guidato tra i principali palazzi e monumenti dell’antico quartiere E42 (i perscorsi sono organizzati dalla società Suerte srl Itinerante; per info: info@suertearte.it) permette di approfondire un aspetto fondamentale di quella che fu la politica di Mussolini: l’importanza per la decorazione urbanistica e gli investimenti statali per opere di interesse culturale collettivo.

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Eur – Palazzo della Civiltà Italiana, detto anche Colosseo Quadrato

Originariamente chiamato E42 perchè doveva ospitare la grande esposizione universale prevista per l’anno 1942 – che non fu più realizzata a causa dello scoppio della guerra – venne successivamente denominato E.U.R. acronimo di Esposizione Universale di Roma. Voluto da Mussolini per celebrare la ricorrenza della Marcia su Roma, e fortemente sostenuto dal governatore Bottai che voleva organizzare nella zona sud est di Roma una grande esposizione su modello di quelle contemporanee di Londra e Parigi. Secondo i progetti originari, poi fortemente rallentati dagli avvenimenti storici, questo doveva andare a costituire il nuovo centro di Roma che determinava l’espansione della città verso il mare. Attualmente il quartiere è proprietà della società Eur Spa, che ha ereditato tutto il patrimonio mobile e immobile del precedente Ente Eur.

Eur - Palazzo dei Congressi

Eur – Palazzo dei Congressi

L’edificio pilota di tutto l’impianto urbanistico è il Palazzo degli Uffici, oggi sede istituzionale della società. Realizzato tra il 1937 e il ’39 è opera dell’architetto Gaetano Minnucci, che voleva realizzare un corpo rettangolare con quattro corti interne. In via di costruzione si ampliò notevolmente l’articolazione dell’edificio adattandolo alla collocazione urbanistica. Di particolare interesse è il Rifugio Antiaereo (conosciuto anche come il Bunker di Mussolini o dei Granatieri, in omaggio al battaglione che ha difeso il quartiere); un seminterrato in cemento armato isolato dalla restante parte del Palazzo, oggi utilizzato principalmente come location per esposizioni temporanee.

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Eur – Palazzo dello Sport

Volendo seguire un itinerario maggiormente esaustivo, come l’Eurtour proposto da Suerte Itinerante, si può partire dal laghetto artificiale visibile già dall’uscita della metropolitana (Eur Palasport/Eur Fermi). Costeggiando il laghetto lungo la Passeggiata del Giappone si arriva a Viale Umberto Tupini, dal quale già si può intravedere la cupola della Basilica dei SS. Pietro e Paolo, ubicata nel punto più alto di tutto il quartiere. Sicuramente non lascerà indifferente l’imponenza del cubico edificio mentre si sale la scalinata che affaccia sul Viale Europa. La realizzazione della Basilica ha impiegato ben 15 anni; solamente nel 1955 è stata aperta al pubblico.

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Eur – Cascate del Laghetto

Proseguendo sulla sinistra lungo il Viale dei Santi Pietro e Paolo si arriva ad ammirare il metafisico Palazzo della Civiltà Italiana che, secondo il piano di Bottai, doveva ospitare un’esposizione permanente sulla storia del popolo italiano. Inaugurato nel 1940, l’edificio si ispira con le sue arcate alla magnificenza del Colosseo, ornato ai quattro angoli del podio, da colossali statue. Questo gioiello architettonico è emblema dell’architettura del periodo fascita italiano: rigorosa, ufficiale, imponente, maestosa e che rimandi alla grande cultura dell’epoca imperiale romana.
Volgendo le spalle al Palazzo della Civiltà ci si incammina sul Viale della Civiltà del Lavoro per costeggiare sulla sinistra il Palazzo degli Uffici, fino ad arrivare di fronte al Palazzo dei Congressi, quello che doveva essere la sede fisica dell’Esposizione. L’edificio dallo stile classico e le linee eleganti, ospita attualmente ciò che resta delle opere realizzate in seguito al concorso indetto nel 1939 per la realizzazione di opere a decorazione del Palazzo: l’affresco di Achille Funi, il pannello futurista di Gino Severini e il mosaico di Canevari.

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Eur – Basilica dei SS. Pietro e Paolo

Uscendo dal Palazzo dei Congressi si può raggiungere in due minuti il grande Piazzale Guglielmo Marconi, padroneggiato dall’Obelisco, dal quale si accede al Museo Nazionale delle Arti e Tradizioni Popolari e al Museo Nazionale Preistorico e Etnografico.
Il quartiere Eur è dunque frutto di un progetto costruttivo e urbanistico molto ambizioso che doveva riflettere l’orgoglio dell’appartenenza allo Stato Italiano, sorretto da una popolazione forte e unita, culturalmente in concorrenza con le altre nazioni.

 

Bags Free Tour – Il mercato di via Catania

Il Bags Free Team vi invita a visitare, ogni martedì, giovedì, sabato il mercato coperto di Via Catania. Dal nostro deposito di via del Castro Pretorio 32, linea B o B1 fino alla stazione di Piazza Bologna, poi un centinaio di metri a piedi.
mercatoviacatania70

Il mercato coperto di via Catania 70, nel quartiere Bologna, inaugurato negli anni 50’, è ancora oggi uno spazio colorato e pieno di vita, animato dalla presenza di oltre 80 attività commerciali con un’offerta merceologica ricca ed eterogenea di prodotti della terra.

Dal 28 Ottobre, grazie alla collaborazione dell’Associazione Culturale Mente Collettiva, ogni MARTEDI’, VENERDI’ E SABATO il mercato si arricchirà della creatività del mondo artigiano e della varietà dei prodotti della cultura materiale del nostro passato con la presenza degli operatori dell’usato e dell’antiquariato, mostre fotografiche e di arte visiva, degustazioni e installazioni artistiche. 

Tutto questo è il Mercato di VIA CATANIA 70, che vi aspetta ogni martedì evenerdì dalle ore 9,00 alle ore 18.00 e sabato dalle ore 9.00 alle ore 14.00.

Bags Free Tour – Santa Maria in Trastevere

Luca, del Bags Free Team, che cura questo blog, è legato a doppio filo a questo luogo, che lo ha visto crescere nella fede oltre che nella vita. Chiesa romana antichissima, dei primi tempi del cristianesimo, prima chiesa di Roma dedicata a Maria, Madre di Dio (un ‘titolo’ che si disputa con Santa Maria Maggiore). Prima delle cosiddette Basiliche Minori.

Facilmente raggiungibile dal Deposito di via del Castro Pretorio 32, prendendo il bus H dalla Stazione Termini e scendendo subito dopo Ponte Garibaldi. Da lì si percorre un tratto di via della Lungaretta, poi ti si apre agli occhi la bellissima piazza…

Voce di Wikipedia in italiano – English Article

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Bags Free Tour: Theatre of Marcellus (Teatro di Marcello)

Website: http://www.sovraintendenzaroma.it/i_luoghi/roma_antica/monumenti/teatro_di_marcello

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(source: Wikipedia)

The Theatre of Marcellus (Latin: Theatrum Marcelli, Italian: Teatro di Marcello) is an ancient open-air theatre in Rome, Italy, built in the closing years of the Roman Republic. At the theatre, locals and visitors alike were able to watch performances of drama and song. Today its ancient edifice in the rione of Sant’Angelo, Rome, once again provides one of the city’s many popular spectacles or tourist sites.

It was named after Marcus Marcellus, Emperor Augustus’s nephew, who died five years before its completion. Space for the theatre was cleared by Julius Caesar, who was murdered before it could be begun; the theatre was so far advanced by 17 BC that part of the celebration of the ludi saeculares took place within the theatre; it was completed in 13 BC and formally inaugurated in 12 BC by Augustus.

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The theatre was 111 m in diameter and was the largest and most important theatre in Ancient Rome; it could originally hold between 11,000 and 20,000 spectators.[1][2] It was an impressive example of what was to become one of the most pervasive urban architectural forms of the Roman world. The theatre was built mainly of tuff, and concrete faced with stones in the pattern known as opus reticulatum, completely sheathed in white travertine. The network of arches, corridors, tunnels and ramps that gave access to the interiors of such Roman theaters were normally ornamented with a screen of engaged columns in Greek orders: Doric at the base, Ionic in the middle. It is believed that Corinthian columns were used for the upper level but this is uncertain as the theater was reconstructed in the Middle Ages, removing the top tier of seating and the columns.

Like other Roman theaters in suitable locations, it had openings through which the natural setting could be seen, in this case the Tiber Island to the southwest. The permanent setting, the scaena, also rose to the top of the cavea as in other Roman theaters.

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The theatre fell out of use in the early 4th century and the structure served as quarry for e.g. the Pons Cestius in 370 AD. However, the statues located inside the building were restored by Petronius Maximus in 421 and the remaining structure still housed small residential buildings. In the Early Middle Ages the theatre was used as a fortress of the Fabii and then at the end of the 11th century (when it was known as templum Marcelli), by Pier Leoni and later his heirs (the Pierleoni). This saved the complex from further destruction. The Savelli held it in the 13th century. Later, in the 16th century, the residence of the Orsini, designed by Baldassare Peruzzi, was built atop the ruins of the ancient theatre.

Now the upper portion is divided into multiple apartments, and its surroundings are used as a venue for small summer concerts; thePortico d’Ottavia lies to the north west leading to the Roman Ghetto and the Tiber to the south west.

In the 17th century, the renowned English architect Sir Christopher Wren explicitly acknowledged that his design for the Sheldonian Theatre in Oxford was influenced by Serlio’s engraving of the Theatre of Marcellus.

Bags Free Tour: al Circo Massimo!

Per visitarlo: dalla Stazione Termini, linea metropolitana B fino alla Stazione Circo Massimo.

(fonte: 060608.it)

Circo Massimo (Circus Maximus), is the biggest building for shows of all times, it is 600 metres long and 140 metres wide; it is by the legend connected to the origins of the city: in fact during the games in honour of Conso, the rape of the Sabines happened and hence the birth of life in the city. Actually, a first arrangement of Valle Murcia – Murcia was, according to the tradition, the valley’s tutelary deity – it goes back to the age of the Tarquini and it can be connected to the construction of a sewer which permitted the drainage of the whole area and to regularise the ground. The equipment was probably not enough for this phase, but subsequently, throughout the centuries, there must have been many works in this area and starting with century II BC, also monumental like per the arch of Stertinio erected in 196 BC, the columns with statues, the support with the ova (marbles) in order to easily count the turns.Only Julius Caesar had a real brickwork constructed and its map is kept, at least partially, in the following constructions as witness the many reticulate works in various points during the excavation. Certainly the intervention of Augustus was of great importance: he completed and restored the hippodrome, he decorated it with the obelisk, which is now in piazza del Popolo, and built the pulvinar. Devastated many times by fire and consequently restored, it was then re-constructed almost integrally during the age of Domitian and Traian, phase to which most of the structures in bricks now visible belong. A great number of interventions were made by the following emperors, both structural, as it is proved by the section of brick walls, and finalised to the decoration, often of great importance: exemplar is the erection of the gigantic obelisk brought to Rome by Costante II, now at the Lateran.Like other buildings for shows, the tier of seats divided in three floors rested on parallel and radial structures that defined, on the inside, rooms with different functions. Going from the outside towards the arena, there is the external ambulatory, the barrel vaults, the intermediate ambulatory, another row of rooms adherents to the ima cavea. The barrel vaults have a ternary rhythm: one gave access to the ima cavea, one was dead ended and the third lodged the double flight of stairs that brought to the superior ambulatory which was obtained by internal curves inside the space of the barrel vaults. The two long straight wings of the tier of seats merged in the hemicycle at which centre there were the three barrel vaults in honour of Titus. At the opposite side, disposed on a large curve there were twelve carceres surmounted by the loggia from which the magistrate used to throw the map. The heart of the building was the spine limited at the extremities by the meta triplepointed; it held the ova (marbles) and the dolphins needed to signal which one of the seven turns, foreseen by the race, they were at. It was decorated by columns, statuary groups, altars, small temples and also two obelisks. The spine was, in fact, the best place to welcome the old and new cults of the circus valley, excluding the altar of Conso which was underground by the first mete, the Murcia votive chapel which was in the area of the track close to the cavea and to the temple of the Sun that was inserted in the tier of seats.The circus kept its activity, maybe just partially, until 549 when Totila gave the last games. Afterwards, the area became agricultural while in the hemicycle the deaconry of S. Lucy in Settizodio settled, with a big functioning complex for the assistance needs of the pilgrims, of it there are or could be reconstructed some minor constructions and the small tower. Subsequently, this complex, having become property of St. Gregory, was given in emphyteusis to Frangipane (1145); during the same period (1122) the aqua Mariana was brought to Rome, it ran across the Circus before flowing into the Tiber. A particular use was reserved to the slope of the Aventino, in fact from ‘500 on, it was used as a Cemetery for Jewish people. A new industrial phase was registered at the beginning of ‘800: a gasometer was installed towards S. Maria in Cosmedin and little by little, stores, factories, craftsmen businesses and houses got settled.The release of the area, hoped for by decennials, started with the works for the creation of the Monumental Area during the ‘30s at the same time as great excavation works started which, together with the present ones, have lighted up a good part of the hemicycle and the ruins of Titus’s arch.

(fonte: Wikipedia)

Il Circo Massimo è un antico circo romano, dedicato alle corse di cavalli, costruito a Roma. Situato nella valle tra il Palatino e l’Aventino, è ricordato come sede di giochi sin dagli inizi della storia della città: nella valle sarebbe avvenuto il mitico episodio del ratto delle Sabine, in occasione dei giochi indetti da Romolo in onore del dio Consus. Di certo l’ampio spazio pianeggiante e la sua prossimità all’approdo del Tevere dove dall’antichità più remota si svolgevano gli scambi commerciali, fecero sì che il luogo costituisse fin dalla fondazione della città lo spazio elettivo in cui condurre attività di mercato e di scambi con altre popolazioni, e – di conseguenza – anche le connesse attività rituali (si pensi all’Ara massima di Ercole) e di socializzazione, come giochi e gare.

Le prime installazioni in legno, probabilmente in gran parte mobili, risalirebbero all’epoca di Tarquinio Prisco, nella prima metà del VI secolo a.C. La costruzione di primi impianti stabili risalirebbe al 329 a.C., quando furono edificati i primi carceres. Le prime strutture in muratura, soprattutto legate alle attrezzature per le gare, si ebbero probabilmente solo nel II secolo a.C. e fu Gaio Giulio Cesare a costruire i primi sedili in muratura e a dare la forma definitiva all’edificio, a partire dal 46 a.C.

Il monumento venne restaurato dopo un incendio e probabilmente completato da Augusto, che per decorare la spina vi aggiunse (come testimoniato da una moneta di Caracalla) un obelisco dell’epoca di Ramses II portato dall’Egitto, l’obelisco Flaminio, che nel XVI secolo fu spostato da papa Sisto V in piazza del Popolo. Nel 357 un secondo obelisco fu portato a Roma per volere dell’imperatore Costanzo II ed eretto dal praefectus urbi Memmio Vitrasio Orfito sulla spina; oggi si trova davanti San Giovanni in Laterano.

Altri restauri avvennero sotto gli imperatori Tiberio e Nerone e un arco venne eretto da Tito nell’81 al centro del lato corto curvilineo: si trattava di un passaggio monumentale integrato nelle strutture del circo.

Dopo un grave incendio sotto Domiziano, la ricostruzione, probabilmente già iniziata sotto questo imperatore, venne completata da Traiano nel 103: a quest’epoca risalgono la maggior parte dei resti giunti fino a noi. Sono ricordati ancora restauri sotto Antonino Pio, Caracalla e Costantino I. Il circo rimase in efficienza fino alle ultime gare organizzate da Totila nel 549.

Le dimensioni del circo erano eccezionali: lungo 621 m e largo 118 poteva ospitare circa 250.000 spettatori. La facciata esterna aveva tre ordini: solo quello inferiore, di altezza doppia, era ad arcate. La cavea poggiava su strutture in muratura, che ospitavano i passaggi e le scale per raggiungere i diversi settori dei sedili, ambienti di servizio interni e botteghe aperte verso l’esterno. L’arena era in origine circondata da un euripo (canale) largo quasi 3 m, più tardi eliminato per aggiungere altri posti a sedere.

Sul lato sud si trova attualmente una torretta medioevale detta “della Moletta” appartenuta ai Frangipane. Nell’arena, si svolgevano le corse dei carri, con dodici quadrighe (cocchi a quattro cavalli) che compivano sette giri intorno alla spina centrale tra le due mete. La spina era riccamente decorata da statue, edicole e tempietti e vi si trovavano sette uova e sette delfini da cui sgorgava l’acqua, utilizzati per contare i giri della corsa.

I dodici carceres, la struttura di partenza che si trovava sul lato corto rettilineo verso il Tevere, disposti obliquamente per permettere l’allineamento alla partenza, erano dotati di un meccanismo che ne permetteva l’apertura simultanea.

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